![]() ![]() Within the health sector, several of the working time arrangements that adversely affect employees’ health also correlate with negative patient safety consequences. Studies have shown negative health consequences from shift work and other atypical working time arrangements. Future studies should address this research gap. However, there is a lack of studies directly investigating employee health as a mediator between working time arrangements and patient safety. Results suggest that employee health partially (but not completely) mediates the relationship between working time arrangements and patient safety. ![]() When controlling for employee health, the relationship between working time arrangements and patient safety is reduced, but still significant. ![]() This is particularly shown through increases in errors by health personnel. Studies that find that working time is detrimental to employee health, generally also find detrimental results for patient safety. Articles were categorized into five groups according to how they approached the research question: 1) independent analyses of relationship between working time arrangements and employee health, and of working time arrangements and patient safety (5 studies) 2) relationship between working time arrangements on both employee health and patient safety (21 studies) 3) working time arrangements and employee health as two explanatory variables for patient safety (8 studies) 4) combinations of the above analyses (7 studies) 5) other relevant studies (5 studies). Six thousand nine hundred thirty papers were identified, of which 52 studies met our criteria. Two reviewers independently identified relevant publications according to inclusion criteria, extracted findings and assessed quality. In addition, we screened reference lists of identified reviews. MethodsĪ systematic literature review was performed including published reviews and original studies from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cinahl and Web of Science investigating working time arrangements for healthcare personnel, employee health and patient safety. The purpose of this study is to use systematic reviews to investigate whether employee health explains the relationship between working time arrangements and patient safety. A common hypothesis put forth to explain these findings suggests that certain working time arrangements lead to negative patient consequences due to the adverse impact they have on employee health. A number of working time arrangements have been linked to negative consequences for both health personnel and their patients. ![]()
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